This has been Russian policy for years, and a post-war Ukraine cannot thrive unless things change. Naval drone attacks on Sevastopol and ground-based anti-ship missiles have limited the freedom of maneuver of its fleet (and withdrawal of some units to Novorossiysk), but Russia retains a stranglehold on Ukrainian shipping movements, and thereby its main export route.
While Ukraine’s navy has, despite its lack of major surface warships or submarines, successfully inflicted serious damage to Russia’s fleet, the Kremlin’s admirals direct the preeminent naval power on the Black Sea.
Since then, Turkey has closed the straits to warships of both Russia and the alliance. The last non-littoral NATO warship in the Black Sea, the French frigate FS Auvergne, left in January 2022. Much has been said about this ( here, and here, and here), but the war has made progress difficult. He examines the terrors of Stalinism and its fascist enemy, both striving for mastery of these endlessly colourful and complex shores, and investigates the turbulent history of modern Ukraine.Russia’s approach to the Black Sea is, according to former US Sixth Fleet commander and CEPA distinguished fellow, Admiral James Foggo, “like a boa constrictor around Ukraine’s neck, squeezing and squeezing and squeezing.” The alliance “needs a maritime strategy.” It explores the culture, history and politics of the volatile region which surrounds the Black Sea.Īscherson recalls the world of Herodotus and Aeschylus Ovid's place of exile on what is now the coast of Romania the decline and fall of Byzantium the mysterious Christian Goths the Tatar Khanates the growth of Russian power across the grasslands, and the centuries of war between Ottoman and Russian Empires around the Black Sea.
Black Sea is a homage to an ocean and its shores, from the earliest times to the present.
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